The Symmetric Mandible

This mandible model is based on CT scans of a ”normal” face of a 30-year-old male. It contains 24 hill-type muscles and 4 DoF. It was developed by Dr. Mark de Zee at Aarhus University, Denmark and published and presented at several scientific meetings. [1]

See also

Symmetric Mandible example for an example of how the model is used.

References

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[1]

Mark de Zee, Michel Dalstra, Paolo M Cattaneo, John Rasmussen, Peter Svensson, Birte Melsen (2007). Validation of a musculo-skeletal model of the mandible and its application to mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Journal of Biomechanics, 40, 1192–1201.